The world in 990

On 1 July 990, IntMap’s historical map draws 242 names across the world. The borders for this date come from Cliopatria, Seshat Global History Databank (by year), then historical-basemaps — each drawn only where the records before it are silent. It also draws 94 outlines whose name the record does not give for this date.

World map on 1 July 990: the borders IntMap’s historical map draws on that date, from Cliopatria, Seshat Global History Databank (by year), then historical-basemaps — each drawn only where the records before it are silent.
Drawn when the site is built from the same records and the same code the map uses, on 1 July 990, in the Equal Earth projection. The picture is simplified for display only: each outline is reduced to about one pixel at this size, and outlines smaller than a pixel are left out of the picture — the map itself draws every one of them in full. Grey is land on which no record states a polity on this date (today’s coastline, Natural Earth 1:110m). Paler fills are outlines drawn from the nearest historical-basemaps sheet (1000), which is not dated to this year.

Why this year has a page

Among the largest year-to-year changes in the records the map dates by year or by day: 22 names begin or stop being drawn between 1 July 989 and 1 July 990.

Names on the map

As the map labels them, largest first by the area of the outline drawn. Areas are of the drawn outline, rounded, and approximate. The record column says which record draws the outline; a Wikidata item is given where the record links one.

NameRecordDrawn area (km²)
Bantouhistorical-basemaps8,460,000
Australian aboriginal hunter-gatherers (a description by the source, not a name)historical-basemaps7,600,000
Paleo-Siberian hunter-gatherers (a description by the source, not a name)historical-basemaps5,540,000
West African cereal farmers (a description by the source, not a name)historical-basemaps4,930,000
Arctic marine mammal hunters (a description by the source, not a name)historical-basemaps3,910,000
Eastern North Amercian hunter-gatherers (a description by the source, not a name)historical-basemaps3,540,000
Amazon hunter-gatherers (a description by the source, not a name)historical-basemaps3,200,000
Finno-Ugric taiga hunter-gatherers (a description by the source, not a name)historical-basemaps3,200,000
Savanna hunter-gatherers (a description by the source, not a name)historical-basemaps3,040,000
Northern SongCliopatria Q74622,770,000
Plain bison hunters (a description by the source, not a name)historical-basemaps2,620,000
Subarctic forest hunter-gatherers (a description by the source, not a name)historical-basemaps2,500,000
Khoiasanhistorical-basemaps2,490,000
Fatimid CaliphateCliopatria · historical-basemaps Q1603072,380,000
Samanid EmpireCliopatria Q4861811,920,000
Liao DynastyCliopatria Q49581,920,000
Dorsethistorical-basemaps1,890,000
TibetansCliopatria1,850,000
Pampas cultures (a description by the source, not a name)historical-basemaps1,830,000
Kimek-Kipchak khaganatehistorical-basemaps1,530,000
Kimek-Kipchak confederationCliopatria Q24777761,450,000
Holy Roman EmpireCliopatria · historical-basemaps Q125481,410,000
Athabaskanhistorical-basemaps1,200,000
Kievan Rus'Cliopatria Q11084451,170,000
Buyid DynastyCliopatria Q125361,140,000
Byzantine EmpireCliopatria · historical-basemaps Q12544883,000
Western Chalukya EmpireCliopatria Q14624218756,000
Peshemegshistorical-basemaps729,000
Ghaznavid EmpireCliopatria Q12844800706,000
Plateau fichers and hunter gatherers (a description by the source, not a name)historical-basemaps677,000
Rajput kingdoms (a description by the source, not a name)historical-basemaps674,000
Caliphate of CórdobaCliopatria · historical-basemaps Q171740662,000
Qocho KingdomCliopatria Q2662180652,000
Volga Bulgarshistorical-basemaps583,000
Thulehistorical-basemaps568,000
Samishistorical-basemaps560,000
SrivijayaCliopatria Q234197543,000
Tiahuanaco Empirehistorical-basemaps500,000
Kingdom of PolandCliopatria Q577867495,000
Kingdom of FranceCliopatria · historical-basemaps Q70972476,000
Tibethistorical-basemaps453,000
Khmer EmpireCliopatria · historical-basemaps Q201705452,000
Andean hunter-gatherers (a description by the source, not a name)historical-basemaps447,000
Desert hunter-gatherers (a description by the source, not a name)historical-basemaps436,000
North American Pacifi foraging, hunting and fishing peopleshistorical-basemaps435,000
Madagascarhistorical-basemaps431,000
Huari Empirehistorical-basemaps426,000
Yenisei KyrgyzCliopatria422,000
Oghuz TurksCliopatria414,000
Kara-KhanidsCliopatria Q494354408,000
All 242 names
NameRecordDrawn area (km²)
Hamdanid EmiratesCliopatria Q837187399,000
Mesoamerican city-states and chiefdoms (a description by the source, not a name)historical-basemaps368,000
Kingdom of DaliCliopatria Q26472361,000
Makkurahistorical-basemaps352,000
Islamic city-states (a description by the source, not a name)historical-basemaps335,000
Khazarshistorical-basemaps330,000
Caribbean hunter-gatherers (a description by the source, not a name)historical-basemaps316,000
minor Hindu and Buddhist states (a description by the source, not a name)historical-basemaps315,000
Alwahistorical-basemaps307,000
Kingdom of KhotanCliopatria Q914898298,000
Old Kingdom of NorwayCliopatria Q20296,000
Seljuk DynastyCliopatria Q3708255291,000
Song Empirehistorical-basemaps283,000
First Bulgarian EmpireCliopatria Q203817276,000
Kingdom of EnglandCliopatria Q179876265,000
Patagonian shellfish and marine mammal hunters (a description by the source, not a name)historical-basemaps259,000
Heian JapanCliopatria244,000
Chauhan DynastyCliopatria243,000
Ganzhou KingdomCliopatria Q1000124232,000
Kamarupa KingdomCliopatria Q1194765231,000
Sind-Habbari DynastyCliopatria228,000
Principality of HungaryCliopatria Q2899771221,000
Ziyadid dynastyCliopatria Q207017216,000
Paramara DynastyCliopatria Q7135130216,000
Great Zimbabwehistorical-basemaps214,000
Hadramauthistorical-basemaps214,000
MakuriaCliopatria Q829356213,000
Kanemhistorical-basemaps208,000
Ghana EmpireCliopatria Q206789205,000
Chaulukya DynastyCliopatria Q18211496201,000
Srivijaya Empirehistorical-basemaps201,000
Pratiharashistorical-basemaps198,000
Utpala DynastyCliopatria Q1617123174,000
Tainohistorical-basemaps172,000
Karelianshistorical-basemaps170,000
Kingdom of DenmarkCliopatria Q756617165,000
Kingdom of Paganhistorical-basemaps159,000
Palashistorical-basemaps159,000
Ainuhistorical-basemaps159,000
Innuhistorical-basemaps150,000
Expansionist Kingdom of Merinahistorical-basemaps149,000
Buwayhid Emirateshistorical-basemaps147,000
HaripuñjayaCliopatria Q255931143,000
GoryeoCliopatria Q28208143,000
Xixiahistorical-basemaps141,000
Kyivan Rushistorical-basemaps137,000
Later Mayan City-StatesCliopatria Q28567136,000
Kingdom of LeónCliopatria Q175276133,000
ChámpaCliopatria Q216786131,000
Kalingahistorical-basemaps128,000
Lavo KingdomCliopatria Q1332305127,000
East Javahistorical-basemaps127,000
AlodiaCliopatria Q449639124,000
Baltic Tribeshistorical-basemaps122,000
Pala EmpireCliopatria Q668412121,000
Malihistorical-basemaps118,000
Scandinavian minor kingdomsCliopatria117,000
Kingdom of ArlesCliopatria Q3271735117,000
Western XiaCliopatria Q7427113,000
Icelandic CommonwealthCliopatria · historical-basemaps Q62389113,000
Chola EmpireCliopatria Q6806806112,000
Duchy of AquitaineCliopatria Q7703611106,000
KashmirCliopatria Q43100105,000
Beothukhistorical-basemaps102,000
Bulgar Khanatehistorical-basemaps101,000
Ghanahistorical-basemaps96,900
Kingdom of CroatiaCliopatria Q85884192,700
Suomihistorical-basemaps88,300
Duchy of BohemiaCliopatria Q216269880,900
Chandela KingdomCliopatria Q203908780,300
Toltec Empirehistorical-basemaps77,800
Pyu City-StatesCliopatria Q162767577,600
Celtic kingdoms (a description by the source, not a name)historical-basemaps76,900
Chandra DynastyCliopatria Q503203476,800
AnurādhapuraCliopatria Q572474,200
Alanshistorical-basemaps70,400
Takrurhistorical-basemaps70,100
Muscathistorical-basemaps61,800
GeorgiaCliopatria · historical-basemaps61,300
Annamhistorical-basemaps60,700
Mataram KingdomCliopatria Q40258060,200
Tasmanian hunter-gatherers (a description by the source, not a name)historical-basemaps59,400
Caloosahatchee cultureurehistorical-basemaps59,100
Bagratid ArmeniaCliopatria Q262286858,800
Imperial Japan (Fujiwara)historical-basemaps57,800
Orissahistorical-basemaps55,000
Magyarshistorical-basemaps54,300
Senashistorical-basemaps51,900
Kingdom of AlbaCliopatria Q199174249,000
Swedenhistorical-basemaps47,500
ShirvanCliopatria · historical-basemaps Q63806445,200
Pagan KingdomCliopatria Q88857444,700
Prussianshistorical-basemaps44,400
Volga BulgariaCliopatria Q18548844,000
Brythonic KingdomsCliopatria43,200
Kingdom of VaspurakanCliopatria Q522818340,900
Yemenhistorical-basemaps40,500
Duchy of GasconyCliopatria Q229593940,100
Kingdom of CastileCliopatria Q17929339,900
Duchy of NormandyCliopatria Q84209137,800
Duchy of BrittanyCliopatria Q7174737,200
Chauhanshistorical-basemaps36,400
Barghawata ConferenceCliopatria36,300
Galuh KingdomCliopatria Q551938736,200
Pomeraniahistorical-basemaps33,200
Polandhistorical-basemaps31,400
Gurjara-Pratihara DynastyCliopatria Q532429,300
Kingdom of SwedenCliopatria Q3428,000
County of RouergueCliopatria27,800
Sunda KingdomCliopatria Q146974227,000
JaemtlandCliopatria25,700
County of RibagorzaCliopatria Q129789425,600
Emirate of SicilyCliopatria · historical-basemaps Q11878015425,600
County of ChampagneCliopatria Q54626625,300
Viking settlementsCliopatria25,100
Kingdom of the IberiansCliopatria Q15481624,600
Tuʻi Tonga Empirehistorical-basemaps24,200
Chimú Empirehistorical-basemaps23,700
Guanahatabeyeshistorical-basemaps21,800
County of ToulouseCliopatria Q133432221,300
Puebloans - Chaco Regional SystemCliopatria21,200
Maya city-states (a description by the source, not a name)historical-basemaps20,200
County of FlandersCliopatria Q15707019,100
Classic Veracruz CultureCliopatria Q237941818,600
BrythonsCliopatria18,500
Dvaravatihistorical-basemaps17,900
County of VermandoisCliopatria17,300
Kurshistorical-basemaps16,100
Papal StatesCliopatria Q17017415,900
Buyid Emiratehistorical-basemaps15,100
Liaohistorical-basemaps14,600
Zagwe dynastyCliopatria Q14044614,500
Polynesianshistorical-basemaps14,300
County of MaineCliopatria Q73273813,500
Duchy of BeneventoCliopatria Q26781612,900
Haripunjayahistorical-basemaps11,600
County of BlôisCliopatria Q1933686911,200
Chudshistorical-basemaps10,600
Giudicato of CagliariCliopatria Q229707310,300
County of AnjouCliopatria Q29910849,730
StrathclydeCliopatria9,390
Guancheshistorical-basemaps9,080
County of BarcelonaCliopatria8,980
Giudicato of LogudoroCliopatria Q17613818,260
Early Balinese KingdomsCliopatria Q124910277,960
Chalukya Empirehistorical-basemaps7,950
Emirate of NekorCliopatria Q17093376,890
QarmatiansCliopatria Q1388036,780
Kingdom of GwyneddCliopatria Q8168146,350
ToltecCliopatria5,620
Principality of SalernoCliopatria Q10652995,220
Ghaznavid Emiratehistorical-basemaps4,940
County of PallarsCliopatria Q15417874,770
County of RosellónCliopatria4,670
Giudicato of GalluraCliopatria Q27237604,630
Kingdom of PowysCliopatria Q7697824,340
County of VexinCliopatria4,110
County of BergaCliopatria4,040
Giudicato of ArboreaCliopatria Q12418473,880
Arawakshistorical-basemaps3,440
Serbiahistorical-basemaps3,040
Armeniahistorical-basemaps2,960
Dutchy of Beneventohistorical-basemaps2,870
Republic of VeniceCliopatria Q49482,680
ChimorCliopatria Q5817412,670
County of OsonaCliopatria Q15417792,320
TamnaCliopatria Q280571,970
Kingdom of BrycheiniogCliopatria Q9545851,950
Venicehistorical-basemaps1,920
Croatiahistorical-basemaps1,770
Kingdom of MorgannwgCliopatria Q131318071,620
Kingdom of GwentCliopatria Q25946611,260
Duchy of Swabiahistorical-basemaps946
Chola state (a description by the source, not a name)historical-basemaps831
Duchy of NaplesCliopatria Q1051600768
Englandhistorical-basemaps683
Leónhistorical-basemaps667
Arranhistorical-basemaps624
Koreahistorical-basemaps534
Castillahistorical-basemaps508
Principality of CapuaCliopatria Q1280122384
Scotlandhistorical-basemaps282
Navarrehistorical-basemaps256
Hainanhistorical-basemaps217
Aragónhistorical-basemaps190
Champahistorical-basemaps189
Republic of AmalfiCliopatria Q68631296.9
Sardiniahistorical-basemaps88.7
Corsicahistorical-basemaps50.1
Cyprushistorical-basemaps45.4
Britanyhistorical-basemaps31.4
Burgandyhistorical-basemaps29.9

What changed since 936

Names counted are those the records date to the year or the day (CShapes, OpenHistoricalMap, Cliopatria). Outlines filled from the nearest historical-basemaps sheet are counted only when both years are years that sheet was drawn for — otherwise the change would be the switch between two sheets, not a change in the world. Names are compared as written, so a polity a record names differently in the two years (Carthaginian Empire, then Carthage) is in both lists.

Now drawn (35)

Northern Song, Holy Roman Empire, Western Chalukya Empire, Ghaznavid Empire, Kingdom of Poland, Kingdom of France, Kingdom of Dali, Seljuk Dynasty, Chauhan Dynasty, Paramara Dynasty, Chaulukya Dynasty, Utpala Dynasty, Western Xia, Duchy of Aquitaine, Chandela Kingdom, Duchy of Gascony, Kingdom of Castile, Duchy of Brittany, Kingdom of Sweden, County of Rouergue, Jaemtland, Emirate of Sicily, County of Champagne, County of Toulouse, County of Flanders, County of Vermandois, Zagwe dynasty, County of Maine, County of Blôis, County of Anjou, Kingdom of Gwynedd, County of Vexin, County of Osona, Principality of Capua, Republic of Amalfi

No longer drawn (26)

Abbasid Caliphate, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Later Jin, Rashtrakuta Dynasty, Khazaria, Later Shu, Kingdom of Germany, Southern Chu, Southern Wu, Carolingian Empire, Southern Han, West Franks, Kingdom of Italy, Wuyue, Min, Kingdom of Axum, Jingnan, Principality of Serbia, Ziyarid dynasty, Danelaw, Obotrites, Cyprus Condominium, Emirate of Crete, Cornwall, County of Urgell, County of Besalú

Events dated to 990

The index of dated events holds no event for 990.

Sources and method

Borders and names: Cliopatria v0.2.1 (Seshat Global History Databank, github.com/Seshat-Global-History-Databank/cliopatria) · CC BY 4.0 · adapted by IntMap: simplified, BC years made astronomical, and the ground OpenHistoricalMap (1689–1885, and from 1886 where CShapes is silent) and CShapes (1886–2019) state removed on their own dates + aourednik/historical-basemaps (github.com/aourednik/historical-basemaps) · GPL-3.0 · adapted by IntMap: each sheet before 1886 less the ground OpenHistoricalMap and Cliopatria state at that sheet's year.

Which years have a page is worked out when the site is built, from three rules applied to the records themselves: every year the historical-basemaps atlas drew a world sheet for; every year whose change from the year before (names the dated records begin or stop drawing) is in the top 5% of all such year-to-year changes since the dated records begin, leaving out the years where one record hands over to another; and every year of a geopolitical, war or revolution event in the dated events index, up to the last year the border records cover (2019).

On each year the map is read on 1 July, the instant the app’s own year links open on. Names are the source’s own, translated where the source or IntMap’s name table has a translation. A name is what a record draws there, not a verdict of history.

Historical maps by region Countries On this day

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